Kantha fabrics primarily use layered, old cotton fabrics (like worn-out sarees and dhotis) as their base, stitched with simple running stitches using leftover threads, creating a durable, textured textile. Modern variations also use silk, tussar silk, georgette, and chiffon, along with new cotton, for different looks, while the embroidery threads traditionally come from old garments but can now be new, colorful cotton or silk threads.